Python Numbers

Python Numbers in Detail

1. Integer (`int`)

# Basic integer example
num = 10
print("Integer:", num)

# Large integer
large_num = 12345678901234567890
print("Large Integer:", large_num)

# Negative integer
negative_num = -42
print("Negative Integer:", negative_num)

# Arithmetic operations with integers
sum_result = num + 5
print("Sum:", sum_result)

difference = num - 3
print("Difference:", difference)

product = num * 2
print("Product:", product)

# Power of an integer
power = num ** 3
print("Power:", power)

Output:
Integer: 10
Large Integer: 12345678901234567890
Negative Integer: -42
Sum: 15
Difference: 7
Product: 20
Power: 1000

2. Float (`float`)

# Basic float example
pi = 3.14159
print("Pi:", pi)

# Float with a large number of decimal places
precise_num = 0.00012345
print("Precise Float:", precise_num)

# Negative float
negative_float = -45.67
print("Negative Float:", negative_float)

# Arithmetic operations with floats
sum_result = pi + 2.5
print("Sum:", sum_result)

difference = pi - 1.1
print("Difference:", difference)

product = pi * 2
print("Product:", product)

# Division
division_result = 7.5 / 2.5
print("Division:", division_result)

# Scientific notation
sci_notation = 1.23e4
print("Scientific Notation:", sci_notation)

Output:
Pi: 3.14159
Precise Float: 0.00012345
Negative Float: -45.67
Sum: 5.64159
Difference: 2.04159
Product: 6.28318
Division: 3.0
Scientific Notation: 12300.0

3. Complex (`complex`)

# Basic complex number
z = 3 + 4j
print("Complex Number:", z)

# Accessing real and imaginary parts
print("Real Part:", z.real)
print("Imaginary Part:", z.imag)

# Arithmetic with complex numbers
z2 = 1 - 2j
sum_complex = z + z2
print("Sum of Complex Numbers:", sum_complex)

product_complex = z * z2
print("Product of Complex Numbers:", product_complex)

# Complex conjugate
conjugate = z.conjugate()
print("Complex Conjugate:", conjugate)

Output:
Complex Number: (3+4j)
Real Part: 3.0
Imaginary Part: 4.0
Sum of Complex Numbers: (4+2j)
Product of Complex Numbers: (11-2j)
Complex Conjugate: (3-4j)

Type Conversions Between Numeric Types

# Integer to float
int_num = 10
float_num = float(int_num)
print("Integer to Float:", float_num)

# Float to integer
float_num = 9.8
int_num = int(float_num)
print("Float to Integer:", int_num)

# Integer to complex
complex_num = complex(int_num)
print("Integer to Complex:", complex_num)

# Float to complex
complex_num = complex(float_num)
print("Float to Complex:", complex_num)

Output:
Integer to Float: 10.0
Float to Integer: 9
Integer to Complex: (9+0j)
Float to Complex: (9.8+0j)

Mathematical Functions with Numbers

import math

# Square root
sqrt_result = math.sqrt(16)
print("Square Root of 16:", sqrt_result)

# Power
power_result = math.pow(2, 3)
print("2 raised to the power of 3:", power_result)

# Trigonometric functions
cosine = math.cos(math.pi)  # Cosine of pi radians
print("Cosine of pi:", cosine)

# Logarithm
log_result = math.log(10)
print("Natural Log of 10:", log_result)

# Constants
print("Value of pi:", math.pi)
print("Value of e:", math.e)

Output:
Square Root of 16: 4.0
2 raised to the power of 3: 8.0
Cosine of pi: -1.0
Natural Log of 10: 2.302585092994046
Value of pi: 3.141592653589793
Value of e: 2.718281828459045

Summary